AEAS考试:与现在完成时连用的词汇(一)
一、since不管since 是用作介词、连词还是副词,它通常都与现在完成时连用。如:Charles has worked hard since leaving school. 自从离开学校以来查尔斯工作一直很努力。(since为介词) Great changes have taken place here since 1978. 自1978年以来这里发生了巨大的变化。(since为介词)Her reading has improved greatly since she changed schools. 自从她转校以来,她的阅读水平提高了很多。(since为连词) You haven’t changed muchfy; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-s since we last met. 自从上次我们见面以来,你变化不大。(since为连词) She moved to London last May and has since got a job on a newspaper. 她去年五月到伦敦,此后一直在报社工作。(since为副词) He left school in 1983. I haven’t seen him since. 他1983年离开学校。打那时起我一直没见过他。(since为副词)【几点说明】1. 表示时间长度时,通常用一般现在时代替现在完成时。如:How long is it since you arrived? 你到来多久了?It is [=has been] ten years since he left here. 他离开这儿已10年了。2. 对于某些表示状态(如seem等)的动词,或因句义等方面的原因,有时可能用一般现在时比用现在完成时更合适。如:It seems like years since we last met. 我们似乎几年未见面了。 Since when does the $42 plus $5 service charge come to $48? 从什么什候开始42元加5元的服务费等于48元了? 3. 若不是指从过去持续到现在,而是指从较远的过去持续到一个较近的过去,则用过去完成时。比较:He hasn’t eaten anything since Tuesday. 自星期二以来他一直未吃东西。(自星期二以来他一直未吃东西。指从星期二到现在未吃东西)Yesterday he told me that he hadn’t eaten anything since Tuesday. 他昨天告诉我自星期二以来他一直未吃任何东西。(指从星期二至昨天未吃东西二、in the last five years类似于in the last five years的时间状语,它若表示从现在算起的过去一段时间内,通常要与现在完成时连用。如:This company has come a long way in the last five years. 最近五年这个公司已经前进了一大步。The house has changed hands three times in the last two years. 在过去两年中,这栋房子已转手三次。Is that the sum of what you’ve done in the last two years? 这就是你最近两年中完成的全部数量吗?【注】其中的介词in有时也可换成for, during, over, within 等,有时也可省去。如:I have been here for the last two weeks. 最近两周我一直在这里。Over the last few years, prices have fallen sharply. 在过去的几年中,价格已急剧下降了。My business has decreased during the last two months. 最近两个月内,我的生意减少了。另外,若不是表示从现在算起的过去一段时间,则不用现在完成时。如:Jim managed two goals in the last ten minutes. 在最后的10分钟内,吉姆设法得了两分。【比较】I didn’t see much of Harry in the last months. 在最后的几个月中,我很少看见哈里。I haven’t seen much of Harry in the last months. 在最近的几个月中,我很少看见哈里。
四、over the yearsover the years 的意思是“这些年来”“经过这么多年之后”“最近几年”,通常表示的是从现在算起的过去几年,因此通常与现在完成时连用。如:She’s brought us so much happiness over the years. 这些年来,她给我们带来了不少的幸福。We’ve had a few arguments over the years, but in general we get on very well. 最近几年来,我们争吵过几次,但总的说来,我们相处得很好。Women’s social status hasn’t changed much over the years. 这些年来妇女的社会地位没有多大改变。Over the years I’ve learnt to remember how to survive, and how to forget pain. 这些年来,我已经学会了记住怎样挣扎求生和怎样忘却痛苦。
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