目前，AEAS考试报名受到的关注越来越高，AEAS培训录取竞争越来越激烈。这里应广大学子的要求，澳大利亚中学入学考试网为大提供AEAS真题模拟成绩提升技巧，这次介绍的是永远是复数的名词大集合（下）。

Folk

人们

Although there is also the option of folks (often seen in old folks’ home, for instance), folk is also itself exclusively a plural: in current English, you cannot have one folk. The word dates back to Old English, and is of Germanic origin.

虽然也可以加上-s，但folk本身也可以表示复数意义（如old folks’ home养老院）。在现代英语中，folk一般不表示单数意义。该词语始于古英语，从日耳曼英语演化而来。

amends

赔偿

You can make amends but you cannot make an amend; the latter now exists only as a verb. The noun amends comes from the Old French amendes meaning ‘penalties, fine’; in Old French, it was the plural of amende, but only the plural found its way into English.

你可以说make amends,却不能说make amend，因为后者现在只用作动词。名词amends源于古法语amende，意为“处罚，罚款”。在古法语中，amendes是amende的复数形式，但最终只有amendes被引进到英语中。

Marginalia

标注

Pluralia tantumdon’t necessarily end in ‘s’, of course, particularly if they have kept their plural formation from another or an earlier language. Marginalia – ‘notes written in the margins of a text’ – comes from Latin, which also had the singular marginalis. The singular did not make its way into English, however, and thus marginalia joins the ranks of pluralia tantum, where it is joined by other Latin borrowings including juvenilia (‘works produced by an author or artist while still young’) and literati (well-educated people who are interested in literature). Some words which follow a similar pattern and are most commonly used as plurals (paraphernalia and regalia, for instance) can actually also be used in the singular.  

经常以复数形式出现的名词并不代表着它们一定会以-s结尾，尤其是当它们的复数形式是源于外来语或者早期语言时。Marginalia意为“文章空白处所做的注释”，源自拉丁语。它的单数形式为marginalis，却并没有引入到英语中去。但是，marginalia则成为经常以复数形式出现的名词，一起的拉丁引进词还有juvenilia（青少年创作的作品）和literati（对文学感兴趣的受过良好教育的人）。还有一些类似的词语（如paraphernalia 和regalia），虽是单数形式，却表复数意思。

Shenanigans

恶作剧

Pluralia tantum needn’t be tangible objects; shenanigans is commonly held to be an example. The word is of uncertain origin, and means ‘secret or dishonest activity or manoeuvring’ or ‘silly or high-spirited behaviour; mischief’. The singular shenanigan is not in common use, and is not included in OxfordDictionaries.com, but the history of shenanigans actually follows the same pattern as clothes, albeit over a shorter period. The earliest known example of the word is from an 1855 article in Town Talk: ‘Are you quite sure? No shenanigan?’. This usage is found in various sources, including the letters of Mark Twain, throughout the late-19th and early-20th centuries; in recent years, it has fallen out of use almost completely.

经常以复数形式出现的名词并不都是那些有形物体。Shenanigans就是一个常见的例子。该词语来源尚未明确，意为“秘密进行的或欺骗性的活动、部署”，“愚蠢或兴致勃勃的行为”。单数形式的shenanigan并不常用，而且也未被收入牛津词典。但是Shenanigans一词的起源和clothes一样，都是只在一个较短的时期里被使用。最早发现这个单词是在1855年，刊登在Town Talk上的一篇文章中：”Are you quite sure? No shenanigan?”后来这个用法被普遍采用，包括19世纪末20世纪初的马克·吐温的信件中。然而近年来，人们已经不怎么使用了。

Loggerheads

笨蛋

Pluralia tantum needn’t be tangible objects; shenanigans is commonly held to be an example. The word is of uncertain origin, and means ‘secret or dishonest activity or manoeuvring’ or ‘silly or high-spirited behaviour; mischief’. The singular shenanigan is not in common use, and is not included in OxfordDictionaries.com, but the history of shenanigans actually follows the same pattern as clothes, albeit over a shorter period. The earliest known example of the word is from an 1855 article in Town Talk: ‘Are you quite sure? No shenanigan?’. This usage is found in various sources, including the letters of Mark Twain, throughout the late-19th and early-20th centuries; in recent years, it has fallen out of use almost completely.

经常以复数形式出现的名词并不都是那些有形物体。Shenanigans就是一个常见的例子。该词语来源尚未明确，意为“秘密进行的或欺骗性的活动、部署”，“愚蠢或兴致勃勃的行为”。单数形式的shenanigan并不常用，而且也未被收入牛津词典。但是Shenanigans一词的起源和clothes一样，都是只在一个较短的时期里被使用。最早发现这个单词是在1855年，刊登在Town Talk上的一篇文章中：”Are you quite sure? No shenanigan?”后来这个用法被普遍采用，包括19世纪末20世纪初的马克·吐温的信件中。然而近年来，人们已经不怎么使用了。

Cahoots

同伙

Speaking of phrases, you’re unlikely to hear about cahoots outside of the informal phrase in cahoots (‘colluding or conspiring together secretly’), and you won’t discover a single cahoot in current English, although the word was once used that way. The etymology is uncertain, but a link has been suggested with the French cahute, meaning ‘hut, shack’.

提到短语，除了非正式的in cahoots（一起秘密勾结或谋划），你可能不会碰到其他的相关短语。在现代英语中，也没有cahoots的单数形式，虽然它也曾被人们使用过。Cahoots一词的来源尚不明确，但人们认为它与法语词cahute有关，该词意为“小屋，棚室”。

Smithereens

碎片，碎屑

Probably from the Irish smidirín, smithereens means ‘small pieces’ (almost invariably in the context of destruction; the table got smashed to smithereens, for example). Smithers is also used, but you will not find smither or smithereen in the singular – although the transitive verb smithereen (‘to smash or blow up into tiny fragments’) is included in the OED.

Smithereens一词可能与源自爱尔兰语smidirín，它意为“小片”（遭到毁坏，例如：the table got smashed to smithereens桌子被毁成了碎片）。Smithers虽然也被人们使用，但你不会看到人们用它的单数形式smither 和smithereen，虽然smithereen作为及物动词（意为“打成或炸成碎片”）已被收入牛津词典。

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